Answers:

A. Non caseating granulmoata
B. Caseating granulomata
C. Infiltrate of adenocarcinoma cells
D. Eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate
E. Collagen and lymphocytic infiltrate
F. Neutrophilic infiltrate
G. Arterial vasculitis
H. Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP)

From the list above please select the most appropriate lung biopsy result to match up with each patient below :

1. A 70 year old non-smoking male, presents with weight loss, increasing breathlessness and bilateral alveolar infiltrates on Chest X-Ray. He is afebrile, and on PR exam has a large craggy prostate mass. HIs PSA is 25, and has already had 2 courses of broad spectrum antibiotics.

C – Infiltrate of Adenocarcinoma cells. The PSA of 25 along with the PR findings make the diagnosis of prostate malignancy. The bilateral lung infiltrates are most likely to be infection, but as the patient has had two full courses of broad spectrum antibiotics, the strong suspicion is of metastatic prostatic malignancy. Prostate cancer is an adenocarcinoma. Blindly testing tumour markers is rarely of rewarding, but a very high PSA is very specific for prostatic malignancy. (The highest PSA DundeeChest has seen in 295,000….)

2. An 18 year old man who has just returned from Pakistan on gap year presents with acute breathlessness, non productive cough and wheeze, and loose stools. The stool contains parasites, there are bilateral alveolar infiltrates on Chest XRay. His symptoms have not improved despite 2 courses of broad spectrum antibiotics.

D – Eosinophillic inflammatory infiltrate.

3. A 30 year old male presents with what looks like bruises on her shins, a red eye, breathlessness and chest Xray showing bilateral enlarged hilar nodes and associated bilateral fine alveolar infiltrates.

A Non-caseating granulomas. Erythema nodosum, anterior uveitis, bihilar lymphadenopathy with fine alveolar infiltrates = pulmonary and extra pulmonary sarcoidosis. The hallmark pathological feature of sarcoidosis is non-caseating granulomata – contrast this with TB, in which the granulomata are classically caseating.

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Born again, phoenix from the flames of DundeeChest and DundeeChest 2.0 comes DundeeChest 3.0. The idea was to provide the medical students of Dundee University Medical School with some support for their respiratory block. Now the students have DundeeChest 4.0 for all their undergraduate needs, and now DC 3.0 is a repository for all things post-graduate. The old undergraduate material is still hidden in here, if you want it.
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